The efficacy and safety of intravenous sucrose iron therapy for recurrent iron deficiency anemia / 中华血液学杂志

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of intravenous iron supplementation in patients with recurrent iron deficiency anemia (IDA) . Methods: This retrospective analysis of 90 patients with recurrent IDA from May 2012 to December 2021 was conducted, comparing the efficacy and safety of the intravenous iron therapy group and the oral iron therapy group. Results: Among the 90 patients with recurrent IDA, 20 were males and 70 were females, with a median age of 40 (range: 14-85) years. A total of 60 patients received intravenous iron supplementation and 30 received oral iron supplementation. The hematologic response rates in the intravenous iron group were significantly higher than those in the oral iron group at 4 and 8 weeks after treatment [80.0% (48/60) vs 3.3% (1/30) and 96.7% (58/60) vs 46.7% (14/30), all P<0.001, respectively]. The median increase in hemoglobin levels was also significantly higher in the intravenous iron group than in the oral iron group [38 (4, 66) g/L vs 7 (1, 22) g/L at week 4 and 44.5 (18, 80) g/L vs 19 (3, 53) g/L at week 8, all P<0.001]. The intravenous iron group had a significantly higher proportion of patients who achieved normal hemoglobin levels than the oral iron group (55.0% vs 0 and 90% vs 43.3%, all P<0.001, respectively). Iron metabolism indicators were tested before and after 8 weeks of treatment in 26 and 7 patients in the intravenous and oral iron groups, respectively. The median increase in serum ferritin (SF) levels in the intravenous iron group 8 weeks after treatment was 113.7 (49.7, 413.5) μg/L, and 54% (14/26) of these patients had SF levels of ≥100 μg/L, which was significantly higher than the median increase in SF levels in the oral iron group [14.0 (5.8, 84.2) μg/L, t=4.760, P<0.001] and the proportion of patients with SF levels of ≥100 μg/L (P=0.013). The incidence of adverse reactions was 3.3% (2/60) in the intravenous iron group, which was significantly lower than that in the oral iron group [20.0% (6/30), P=0.015]. Conclusion: Intravenous iron supplementation is more effective for hematologic response, faster hemoglobin increase, and higher iron storage replenishment rates compared with oral iron supplementation in patients with recurrent IDA, and it is well tolerated by patients.

The Relationship between Hematopoietic Scoring System Composed of HB，PLT and MCV and Prognosis and Curative Effect of Multiple Myeloma Patients / 中国实验血液学杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the prognostic value of hemopoietic scoring system composed of hemoglobin (HB), platelet count (PLT) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) in MM patients and its correlation with curative effect.@*METHODS@#The clinical data of 172 newly diagnosed MM patients treated by bortezomib as the first-line regimen in our hospital from May 2014 to December 2019 were collected, three variables (HB≤100 g/L, PLT≤150×109/L, MCV≥96 fl) were introduced, each variable was distributed 1 score, the patients were divided into four groups (0, 1, 2 and 3 points in group 1, 2, 3 and 4, respectively), and the clinical characteristics and prognosis of the patients in the four groups were analyzed. The initial efficacy evaluation after 3-4 courses of treatment was carried out, and the curative effect of the patients in the different hematopoiesis score groups were compared.@*RESULTS@#The median OS time of the patients in group 1, 2, 3 and 4 was 27.0, 22.5, 20.7 and 18.1 months, while the median PFS time were 23.0, 19.0, 18.0 and 14.0 months, respectively. The OS and PFS of the patients in low score group were significantly better than those in high score group (P=0.045, P=0.048). There was no significant difference in the curative effect of the patients treated by bortezomib after 3-4 courses (P>0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Hematopoiesis score can preliminarily predict the overall survival of newly diagnosed MM patients, but there is no significant difference between different scoring groups in the initial curative effect.

Síntese e caracterização de derivados de hemoglobina para aplicação terapêutica / Synthesis and characterization of hemoglobin based oxygen carriers for therapeutic application

A transfusão de sangue é uma intervenção terapêutica capaz de salvar muitas vidas. Entretanto, transfusões também apresentam uma alta gama de possíveis eventos adversos, questões logísticas, econômicas e sociais. Dentre as principais preocupações terapêuticas estão a incompatibilidade (principalmente do sistema ABO), a transmissão de microrganismos patogênicos, os distúrbios imunomodulatórios, as reações hemolíticas, o aumento estatístico do risco de morte proporcional ao volume de sangue infundido, dentre outros. Diversas alternativas às transfusões sanguíneas são propostas na literatura científica, dentre elas o desenvolvimento de transportadores de oxigênio que utilizam a hemoglobina, comumente intitulados substitutos sanguíneos. Neste âmbito, o presente estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento de uma rota de síntese e a síntese de partículas de gelatina contendo hemoglobina polimerizada. Para tanto, realizou-se a síntese do polietileno glicol bis-[succinimidil succinato], extraiu-se e polimerizou-se com glutaraldeído ou polietileno glicol bis-[succinimidil succinato] hemoglobina de sangue bovino e, partículas de gelatina coriácea ou óssea contendo hemoglobina polimerizada foram sintetizadas e caracterizadas. A síntese do polietileno glicol bis-[succinimidil succinato] (SSPEG) foi caracterizada por espectroscopia RAMAN, análise diferencial de calorimetria (DSC) e os resultados obtidos indicaram o sucesso das reações. O produto da reação de polimerização da hemoglobina e albumina com o SSPEG foi verificado por SDS-PAGE e os resultados obtidos indicaram a formação com sucesso de polímeros de alta massa molecular. As partículas contendo hemoglobina polimerizada geradas com gelatina coriácea apresentaram diâmetro hidrodinâmico de 1370 nm, dispersividade de 0,029 e potencial zeta de -36,1 mV. As partículas contendo hemoglobina polimerizada geradas com gelatina óssea apresentaram diâmetro hidrodinâmico de 438 nm, dispersividade de 0,563 e potencial zeta de -24,5 mV. Os resultados obtidos sugerem a aplicabilidade da gelatina coriácea para a produção de partículas contendo hemoglobina polimerizada com possível aplicação como transportador de oxigênio

Blood transfusion is a therapeutic intervention that can save many lives. However, transfusion is also related to several possible adverse therapeutic events and logistic, economic and social concerns. Among the major therapeutic concerns are incompatibility (mainly of the ABO group system), pathogenic microorganisms' transmission, immunomodulatory disturbances, hemolytic reactions, death risk increase that is proportional to the infused volume, among others. Several alternatives to blood transfusion are proposed in the scientific literature. Among them is the development of hemoglobin based oxygen carriers, commonly entitle blood substitutes. To this extent, the present work aimed to develop a synthetic route and to synthesize gelatin particles containing polymerized hemoglobin. To this purpose PEG bis(succinimidyl succinate) was synthesized, bovine hemoglobin was extracted and polymerized with glutaraldehyde or PEG and polyhemoglobin contained particles of gelatin from leather or bones were synthesized and characterized. PEG bis(succinimidyl succinate) synthesis was characterized by RAMAN spectroscopy and by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and the obtained results indicated the successful synthesis. The reaction product of the polymerization of hemoglobin or albumin with PEG was verified by SDS-PAGE and the results indicated the successful formation of high molecular mass polymers. The particles generated with leather gelatin and polyhemoglobin had a hydrodynamic diameter of 1370 nm, dispersity of 0.029 and zeta potential of -36.1 mV. Particles generated with bone gelatin and polyhemoglobin had hydrodynamic diameter of 438 nm, dispersity of 0.563 and zeta potential of -24.5 mV. The obtained results suggest the applicability of leather gelatin for the production of polyhemoglobin containing particles aiming to the development of a hemoglobin based oxygen carrier

Value of CT angiography in reducing the risk of hemorrhage associated with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy

ABSTRACTPurpose:To evaluate the clinical value of computed tomography angiography (CTA) in reducing the risk of hemorrhage associated with mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PCNL).Materials and Methods:A total of 158 patients with renal or ureter stones who had undergone mini-percutaneous nephrolithotomy were retrospectively enrolled into this study from May of 2011 to April of 2014. Group 1 (65 patients) underwent computed tomography angiography, and Group 2 (93 patients) underwent non-contrast CT. The clinical characteristics of the patients and hemorrhagic complications were recorded. The hematologic complications (transfusion rate, and preoperative and postoperative hemoglobin values) were assessed.Results:There were no statistically significant differences in age, body mass index(BMI), stone diameter, operative time, stone-free rate, and hospital stay between the 2 groups. In group 2, 1 patient (1.1%) developed a renal arteriovenous fistula and was treated with embolus therapy. In addition, Group 2 showed significantly drop in hemoglobin (3.6 g/dL vs. 2.4 g/dL, respectively; P <0.001) and more transfusions (9.7% vs. 1.5%, respectively; P <0.05) compared with Group 1.Conclusion:The study showed that patients who underwent computed tomography angiography prior to percutaneous nephrolithotomy had lower drop of hemoglobin and needed less transfusions. These findings may suggest that the use of computed tomography angiography may reduce the risk of bleeding during percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

Artificial oxygen carriers as a possible alternative to red cells in clinical practice: [review] / Transportadores artificiais de oxigênio como possível alternativa às células vermelhas na prática clínica: [revisão]

Fluid resuscitation is intended to eliminate microcirculatory disorders and restore adequate tissue oxygenation. The safety limits for a restrictive transfusion policy are given by patients' individual tolerance of acute normovolemic anemia. Artificial oxygen carriers based on perfluorocarbon or hemoglobin are attractive alternatives to allogenic red blood cells. There are many risks involved in allogenic blood transfusions and they include transmission of infections, delayed postoperative wound healing, transfusion reactions, immunomodulation and cancer recurrence. Regardless of whether artificial oxygen carriers are available for routine clinical use, further studies are needed in order to show the safety and efficacy of these substances for clinical practice.

Os fluidos de ressuscitação são utilizados para abolir os distúrbios microcirculatórios e restaurar a adequada oxigenação tissular. Os limites de segurança na prática da transfusão restrita são dados pela tolerância individual do paciente na anemia normovolêmica aguda. Os transportadores artificiais de oxigênio baseados no perfluorocarbono e na hemoglobina são opções atrativas para a transfusão alogênica de células vermelhas. Os riscos da transfusão sanguínea alogênica são muitos e incluem a transmissão de infecções, retardo na cicatrização pós-operatória, reações transfusionais, imunomodulação e risco de recorrência do câncer. Independentemente de os carreadores artificiais de oxigênio estarem disponíveis para o uso clínico rotineiro, mais estudos são necessários para mostrar a segurança e a eficácia dessas substâncias na prática clínica.

Criterios para la transfusión de sangre y de sus componentes en el paciente anémico y en el paciente quirúrgico / Criteria for the transfusion of blood and its components in the anemic and the surgical patient

La mayoría de las transfusiones de sangre se efectúan durante una operación, por lo cual todo lo relacionado con el manejo de ella es relevante para el anestesiólogo. Esto adquiere importancia especialmente durante la anestesia y la cirugía, cuando ocurre una alteración de la fisiología normal del paciente; en estas situaciones pueden estar ausentes (en especial durante anestesia general), o al menos ser difíciles de interpretar, los síntomas y signos de una inadecuada provisión de oxígeno a los tejidos. En este trabajo presentamos las alternativas con que se enfrenta el anestesiólogo frente al paciente sangrante, y las condiciones o los criterios para la utilización de la sangre o sus sustitutos -sobre todo la posibilidad de utilizar soluciones libres de hematíes (hemoglobina libre del estroma de los glóbulos rojos). Además nos referimos a las soluciones fluoradas como transportadores de oxígeno, sustitutas de la hemoglobina. Analizamos también los problemas secundarios a la transfusión masiva y sus complicaciones más frecuentes.

Fortificación de alimentos con hierro en Chile / Iron fortification of foods in Chile

En Chile la prevalencia de anemia por deficiencia de hierro de preescolares, escolares, adolescentes, hombres adultos y mujeres en edad fértil es baja. Sólo los lactantes y las embarazadas presentan una prevalencia significativa de anemia. Es altamente probable que la fortificación de la harina de trigo con hierro han influido en el mejoramiento del estado de nutrición de hierro de aquellos grupos etáreos de la población chilena que consume pan. La fortificación de la leche con hierro y ácido ascórbico es una efectiva estrategia para la prevención de la deficiencia de hierro en el lactante. Desde fines de 1998 el Programa Nacional de Alimentación Complementaria (PNAC) está entregando a los lactantes y embarazadas una leche completa en polvo fortificada con 10 mg de Fe, 5 mg de Zn, 0,5 mg de Cu y 70 mg de ácido ascórbico por 100 g de polvo. El objetivo de este programa es reducir la prevalencia de anemia en el lactante de un 27 - 30 por ciento a menos de un 5 por ciento

Hemoglobinopatias en pacientes diabéticos inscritos en la Unidad de Diabetes del Hospital Vargas 1995-1998 / Hemoglobinopathies in patients diabetic inscriptive in the Diabetics Unity of the Hospital Vargas 1995-1998

Serendipidad (Serendipity), palabra inventada por Horace Walpole, escritor inglés del siglo XVIII y relación con los "tres príncipes del Serendip" (antiguo nombre del Ceilán). En medicina expresa un descubrimiento logrado por accidente o casualidad. Sería la acción de descubrir algo mientras se busca otra cosa. Esta situación se produjo en relación al descubrimiento de la utilidad clínica de la determinación de hemoglobina glicosilada (HbG) por Rabhar en 1968; cuando investigando hemoglobinopatías anormales en poblaciones de Irán, encontró dos pacientes diabéticos con niveles elevados de HbG "serendipity". El hallazgo fue confirmado posteriormente al estudiar otros 47 casos. El presente es un trabajo descriptivo; en el que reportamos el hallazgo casual de diversas hemoglobinopatías en 437 pacientes diabéticos en quienes se estudiaba la calidad del control metabólico a través de la determinación del HbG, por el método de electroforesis de proteínas en agar gel a pH 6,1. De 437 pacientes, 13 de ellos (3 por ciento) presentaron hemoglobinopatías de diferentes tipos. Conformado este grupo por 8 pacientes (61 por ciento) del sexo femenino y 5 pacientes (39 por ciento) del sexo masculino, con un promedio de edad de 42.3 años y un valor promedio de HbG de 15 por ciento, 10 pacientes (77 por ciento) presentaron rasgo falciforme (HbSA), 1 paciente (7,7 por ciento) anemia falciforme (HbSS) y 2 pacientes (15,3 por ciento), rasgo talasémico (HbAA)